Worksheet 5 "The Great Fatherland War"

A.

1. How far does the photograph on page 11 prove that some Soviet citizens welcomed the German invasion of their country?

-It shows that they were pretty welcoming. They are all smiling as the greet them, and doing the Nazi solute. Some were even reaching out their hands.

2. For what reasons might some Soviet citizens have welcomed the invaders?

-Maybe they thought that if they were nice, and showed that they wouldn't peace, the Germans wouldn't hurt them.

3. Using sources A, C and D as evidence, say why such people were unlikely to still welcome the Germans a year later.

-The sources prove how awful home life was in a sense. There were scarcities of food and weapons, and they were not willing to share any of it with the Germans, because they were not Soviets.

B. Study source A, then answer these questions:

1. Summarize in your own words what Stalin was telling people to do.

-He was telling them to blow up or destroy any area where the enemy, the Germans, were.

2. What do you think he hoped would be achieved by this?

-Maybe he hoped that the German would be scared and that they would leave.

3. Describe how the lives of a. Soviet citizens, and b. German soldiers would be affected in areas where people followed Stalin's Instructions.

-Well the Soviet citizens would be ordered to destroy all the areas where the Germans were occupying, therefore killing many of the Germans. however the regular Soviet citizens may be affected as well and killed if they happened to be in an area where the Germas=ns also were.

Homework 6; term 2

1. Discuss a practice, tactic or strategy of air warfare from the reading

-The Luftwaffe was the German air force. America dropped bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, which led to Germany surrendering. Hitler bombed Britain.

2. Discuss a practice, tactic or strategy of land warfare from the reading

- France had as many tanks and armored vehicles as Germany, but instead of being concentrated in completely mechanized armored divisions, allowing greater speed, they split so that each infantry division had a few.

3. Discuss a practice, tactic or strategy of sea warfare from the reading

-Hitler's fleets occupied the main Norwegian ports in 1940, which destroyed the idea of the phoney war.

Class Work

Worksheet 3 "The Battle Over Britain"

A: Study the photograph opposite, then answer these questions:

1. Suggest what the Luftwaffe was hoping to destroy in this air-raid.

- Residential areas.

2. Why was this air-raid likely to result in many civilian casualities?

-Because it was targeting the residential areas where a lot of civilians were living.

3. What kind of people do you think were most likely to be casualties in this air-raid? Explain your answer.

-I'm really not sure. I'd assume just the common people, because they weren't specifically targeting one group of people. Maybe the ones with less money though, because they couldn't hide in shelters like the others.

B: Study the photograph above, then answer these questions:

1. Explain in as much detail as you can what caused the situation in the photograph.

-Well, this looks like the effects of a black out. The power was shut off, and therefore nobody could see where they were driving, and crashes occurred which caused many other problems as well.

2. Suggest what the consequences of this raid were for the people living in the surrounding area.

-Well, the sub-surface gas, electricity, and water mains were destroyed. The destroyed water mains caused the underground railway station to become flooded, and 63 people who were using it for shelter died.

Worksheet 4: "The Mediterranean War"

A: Study the photograph above, then answer these questions:

1. List the difficulties the Italians were likely to face in their invasion of Greece.

-Well, the Greeks had a path so that they could easily leave and come as they needed, which probably posed problems for the Italians. It is a bit hard to tell from this picture, because it is really dark. Also, the mountain probably provided good shelter for the Greek soldiers.

2. What advantages do you think the Greeks had over the Italians in a country like this?

-They were on a mountain, which was good for shelter because there are lots of areas they can hide in. Also, they could see the Italians down below them, which is an advantage.

B: Check your understanding of the terms used so far in this book by explaining what each of the following mean:

-War: This is when countries fight each other for various reasons, including money, land, and supplies.

-Blitzkrieg: This is the German word for Lightning War.

-"Phoney War:" This was between France, Germany and Poland. It was the beginning part of WWII.

-Luftwaffe: This is the term for air force.

-Battle of Britain: When the Luftwaffe began an all out attack on Britain, trying to smash the RAF.

-Blitz: The attacks in which bombs were dropped on London and many other British cities.

-ARP: Air Raid Precautions. All citizens, including children, were issued gas masks, because it was thought that the Germans would use gas masks as well as explosives.

-Axis:Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria.

Homework 4; term 2

Worksheet 1 "From Lightning to Phoney War"

A:
1. Using sources A to D, describe how Polish civilians were affected by the invasion of their country.
-In source A, the people are affected because they are hearing that on the first day of were, 112 people were killed; they learn that of these people killed, 80 were women or children. In source B, this person is finding out that the town where their family had lived had been burnt down, and once again- people are fearing the Germans. In source C, the person makes references to piles of corpses of people and animals that are just laying in the streets. All of these sources are illustrating fear, and the loss of many humans.

2a. Why do you think source A to C are anonymous? Does this affect their value as evidence?
-These sources are anonymous because the people were obviously terrified of being killed, like everyone else who they were mentioning in their journals. I don't think it really effects their value, because even if we knew a name, it wouldn't change the message that was being conveyed.

2b. How does source D help you to use sources A to C?
-Source D is sort of a picture of everything that is going on, which people are talking about in all of the sources. It creates a mental image, at least for me, of how bad things really were, and what was actually happening.

2c. Suggest why the Polish Black Book, sources A to C, was published in Britain in 1940.
- I think it was to warn people more of what the Germans were doing, and give them a bit of awareness of how bad things could actually get.

2d. How valuable do you consider the Polish Black Book as evidence of the effects of Germany's invasion of Poland? Explain your answer.
- This is definitely an extremely valuable source as evidence, because it gives first hand accounts of what was actually going on. It is real people saying what they were witnessing- they weren't changing stories to make it seem more intense than it was, because the accounts were taken when things were actually happening.


B:
1. In sources A to D, what methods of warfare might be called humane?
-I don't really see any of these methods as humane. The first two sources are a bit less cruel than source C, but I don't think burning people's houses is very humane. I guess that as a method of warfare, the bombing and burning of houses would be the most humane in this situation though.

2. How do sources A to D suggest that the Germans did not use humane methods of warfare.
-Well, it is a bit unjust to just go around burning down people's houses. Also, there were masses of people and animals lying in the streets, which shows that maybe they killed an excessive amount of people that wasn't necessarily called for. By killing children, this was a bit inhumane as well, because the children were completely innocent.

3. Do source A to D prove that the Germans acted inhumanely? Explain your answer.
- I guess that these sources can't necessarily prove that they acted inhumanely, although it definitely suggests that they did. It's hard to say, because these are just personal encounters of people. It is also hard to say what is inhumane, it is almost like calling someone a monster.


C:
1. In Source E, how did the lives of people in the big house seem to have been affected by the start of war with Germany? How did their lives seem unchanged?
-Well, it just says that they were "air raid arrangements" which shows how it was affected by the war. However, everything was so custom to them- the different ways the floors were layed out, so their lives were basically the same as always. (I really don't know how to answer this question...)

2. Judging by Source F, how did the start of the war affect daily life in London?
-Well, the two business men, who previously would talk normally, now had to converse using gas masks.

3. Using E and F, suggest why British people in 1939 called the war the "phoney war."
-Well, it appears to these people as though nothing really changed in their lives. They lived in air-raid shelters, which were the exact same as what they were previously accustomed to.

4. For what other purposes could a historian use sources E and F as evidence?
-Well, it expresses what happened in the war according to the British people, and their views of the war, which is pretty significant and could be important.


Worksheet 2: "The Fall of Western Europe"

A:
1. What was Churchill offering the British in source A? What would have been the alternative?
-He is offering blood, toil, tears, and sweat. The alternative of this would be that they loose, because along with the blood, toil, tears, and sweat would come victory.

2.This speech was very popular among the British. Suggest why this is so.
-Well, I guess it is sort of motivational, and it shows that their leader, Churchill, is actually showing concern, and that he is trying his best to create a victory.


B:
1. What is an "armada" (lines 2 and 15)? Suggest why the Daily Express used this word to describe boats which rescued soldiers from Dunkirk.
-I'm not really sure what an armada is, maybe it means like, a large amount. They use this word to make is seem more intense and amazing I guess.

2. Which parts of this newspaper story might a French reporter, and a German reporter have written differently? Explain your answer.
-Well, they would have written it different so that it would appeal more to their own country. It reminds me of TOK class in a sense, because in the book Grendel, there is a shaper, who goes from village to village, telling stories about the war, but the story always appeals more to the person whom he is telling it to.

Causes of WWII paper 2

The failure of the League of Nation’s attempt at collective security was a significant cause of WWII, although it is hard to claim that it is the main cause. This is because there were so many other contributing factors which may have led up to WWII ultimately happening. In addition to the Failure of the League of Nations, I think it is important to recognize the problems in the peace conferences, especially the Treaty of Versailles, which contributed significantly to the outbreak of WWII.

The purpose of the League of Nations was to promote collective security. Collective security was a pact that many countries belonged to, where they agreed to basically hold up each other’s back in a time of crisis. It was a way of maintaining allies and security during times of crisis. However, the League of Nations failed at this idea of collective security for several reasons. The first problem was that the main world powers were never in the League of Nations at the same time. For instance, the United States never joined because they were reluctant to goto war. If they had joined, because of their wealth, the other countries that were part of the League of Nations would have had a better sense of security. Then, the other main powers sort of rotated the time frame of when they were members of the League, which posed problems because once again no one who could give the other countries a sense of security was a part of the League at the same time. Germany was in the League from 1926-1933, and then USSR didn’t join the League until 1934. Once USSR joins the League, Italy left a year later in 1935. It appears as though the League had huge problems at cooperation, which is concerning considering they were trying to obtain collective security. Considering the League of Nations couldn’t even keep peace within them, there is no question that these problems helped contribute to WWII.

Something else that should be looked at when examining the causes of WWII is the mistakes that were made in the peace conferences, especially when developing the Treaty of Versailles. These mistakes that were made can help to argue that WWI never ended, which is what could have led to WWII. The Treaty of Versailles was extremely harsh to Germany, which angered the German people. They felt as though they were excluded from the treaty, which was true in a sense. The Treaty focused on them having to pay extreme reparations, and it was as if they were the only ones targeted. Also, the Germans were forced to sign a War Guilt Clause, where they basically said that everything was their fault. This obviously enraged the German people into wanting to seek revenge, which could be argued that it contributed to WWII. The interpretation of the Treaty of Versailles in resulting in WWII could also be viewed in a different way. Because of the harshness of the Treaty of Versailles, it is said that WWI never actually ended. Usually in order for a war to end, peace is needed to be made between the countries fighting. However, because Germany was extremely excluded from the Treaty, historians say that WWI never ended because peace was never actually made. Therefore, this ongoing tension between countries, which resulted from the Treaty of Versailles, could have also resulted in World War Two. Also, because the Treaty of Versailles was so harsh, Germany refused to pay the reparations. This resulted in France becoming angry and invading the German Ruhr in 1923, which could have contributed significantly to WWII.

In conclusion, the failure of the League of Nations attempt at collective security was a contributing factor to the outbreak of World War Two. However, in addition to this, the harshness of the Treaty of Versailles created many negative things to happen, which all contributed to the outbreak of World War Two as well.

Homework 3; term 2

1. Discuss a political cause of WWII that could be related to the reading.

-Japan, who was a leading member of the League of Nations, invaded Manchuria. Manchuria was part of the territory of China, which was a fellow member in the League of Nations. This was the first series of attacks that eventually brought most of South-East Asia under Japanese control.

2. Discuss an economic cause of WWII that could be related to the reading.

- Although this is not related to the reading, I think that some of the effects of the Great Depression are an economic cause of WWII.

3. Discuss an ideological cause of WWII that could be related to the reading.

- I think that there were many ideological causes of WWII, which included fascism, and anti communism.

4. Answer question A from chapter 8 worksheet.

1. Japan

2. This could be China or Manchuria.

3. I think that the cartoonist was trying to make the point that Japan was beginning to invade Manchuria (as represented by the sun,) and the clouds (Manchuria) are being pushed away by the bright sun.

5. Answer question B from chapter 8 worksheet.

1. I'm assuming that this was a somewhat wealthy family, considering the man is dressed in pretty decent clothes. Also, it looks like they are carrying a rocking horse, and I'm assuming if it was a poor family they would not have the money to buy these extra toys for their children.

2. They were probably fleeing so that they wouldn't be affected when the Japanese arrived at their home trying to kill them and steal their goods. They took so many possessions with them so that the Japanese wouldn't be able to take these goods.

Homework 2; term 2

To what extent was appeasement to blame for the outbreak of WWII?

I don't think that it can be said that appeasement had no effect on the outbreak of WWII, because it definitely had some impact, no matter how small this was. I think that if France and Britain didn't recognize how strong and powerful Hitler was when they made an appeasement with him, and they didn't expect that it would result in him trying to take over so much land. Because he took so much land, people were furious, and started fighting. Therefore, this contributed to WWII. However, I don't think that it could be said that if this did not happen, WWII would not have happened. This just sort of combined together with other things to create the outbreak of WWII.

Homework 1; term 2

1. What attempts were made at improving international relations in the 1920s and 30s, and how successful were they?

- The League of Nations was an attempt made at improving international relations, specifically by promoting collective security. However, they had many problems and were unable to attain this aim. For example, the main world powers were never in it at the same time. The US never joined because they were reluctant to go to war. Germany was in from 1926 until 1933, and then after that USSR joined in 1934, and Italy left in 1935. Also, there was a perception that it was run by Great Britain and France, which were victors of WWI. This was because France and Great Britain made "mandates" out of the middle east, and took colonies away from Germany in Africa and Pacific. Also, there was the Worldwide economic crisis of 1929, when the US stock market collapsed, and the US cut off their loans to Germany. The crisis then spread to Europe and Asia, and the countries begin focusing on the domestic issues more than the foreign policy issues. There was a lack of will to enforce the collective security after this point.

2. Knowing what you know now, what could the international community have done differently to make collective security more effective in the 1920s and 30s?

-Well, based upon the League of Nations, I think it would have been important that everyone actually was together in it at the same time. If they all joined and stayed apart of it, and worked together as a group, I think that this idea of collective security would have been much more effective than it actually was. Obviously it didn't work at this point in time, because everyone was so scattered around- there wasn't much security in the league of nations due to the fact that nobody joined at the same time.

The Rule of Hitler; Paper 2

Adolf Hitler created many policies during his rule in 1933-1945, which enabled him to be successful as a leader as he achieved his aims. He was able to create methods which enabled him to achieve his aims in several different ways; the aims included regaining military power, creating a pure Aryan race, and making alliances with other countries.

The most important event that aided to Hitler’s success as a rule was creating, and allowing the Enabling Law to pass. The Enabling Law would allow the government to introduce laws without the approval of the Reichstag for the next four years. Therefore, they were allowed to ignore the constitution and sign agreements with foreign countries without having to go through a long process. The only thing that needed to be done was have the Chancellor sign the paper approving it. In order to get the Enabling Law to pass, Hitler had to use intimidation, in a sense. He ordered troops to surround the Kroll Opera house, which is the location where the people were voting on the bill. The troops chanted things that persuaded the people to vote in favor of the enabling law, as they said “we want the bill, or fire and murder.” In the end, the only people who didn’t vote in favor of the Enabling Bill were the Social Democrats. All together, the total number of votes was 441 that were in favor of the Enabling Law, and 94 votes which were against the Enabling Law (which were all social democrats.) Now that the Enabling Law was passed, Hitler was able to be the complete dictator for the next four years, and he no longer needed the support of anyone else. Although at first the ideas of the Nazis were completely abandoned, now everyone had to listen to their laws because they were in total power. Hitler was now able to make alliances with other countries, and sign certain agreements. The agreements he signed which proved successful to his rule were the non-aggression pact with Poland, the Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact, the Munich agreement, and the Rome-Berlin axis treaty. All of these pacts were made possible by the Enabling Law, which was one huge success for Hitler’s rule in power.

Another one of Hitler’s aims which he was successful in achieving was to regain military power. He was successful in achieving this aim by using mainly propaganda. He developed the Hitler Youth in 1934, which was a form of propaganda to ensure Hitler’s uprising. There were 8 million young Germans that belonged to the Hitler Youth Movement, which created an indoctrination of the youth. These youth followed Hitler, and wanted to be just like him when they grew up. Adolf Hitler schools were also developed in 1937, which encouraged the boys to be strong and fight. The boys who did best in their “performance books” were sent to the Adolf Hitler schools, and they moved up in the next level to the castle schools. By doing this, the boys are rewarded in a sense, because everyone was brainwashed to want to be strong and go off and fight. The end result of this is that the future of Germany would all be extremely strong and courageous, which enabled them to have a strong military because these boys had been trained that way for their entire life. Therefore, this use of propaganda was a strength of Hitler’s rule, because it enabled the army to be strengthened. Also, with consideration to this aim of developing a stronger military power, the air force was established. This obviously caused the army to grow, while it also increased the amount of jobs available to people, because unemployment rates decreased. This made people happy, which can be interpreted as yet another success of Hitler.

The most common aim of Hitler was to achieve a pure Aryan race. He made several attempts at doing this, and in many ways he was successful. One method of his to achieve this aim was that women were only allowed to have children. He had the government set up homes for unmarried mothers, which were like brothels. Pure Aryan men would goto these brothels, and help the women to create pure Aryan babies. This was successful, because the population of pure Aryans was increasing rapidly as a result of these brothel-like homes. Also, another method that Hitler used which was successful was creating concentration camps and killing anyone who wasn’t considered to be purely Aryan. Although this can be seen as an evil and horrible thing to do, it still caused Hitler to be successful, because he was able to achieve his aim of a pure Aryan race even further.

For the most part, every ruler has a failure which leads to their downfall. In the case of Hitler, this failure was when Hitler decided to wage war on America. This was probably the stupidest thing that he could have done, because America was so wealthy. Therefore, because of their wealth, they were able to send extreme military forces to attack Germany, while also helping their own allies, Britain and France, to continue waging war against Germany. Because of this, Germany completely lost WWII.

By evaluating the successes and failures of Hitler’s rule, it becomes obvious that Hitler was a pretty successful ruler. Although he did have some downfalls, this does not rule out the fact that he was so successful in achieving many aims. Therefore, the end result is that Hitler was a very successful ruler, as proven by the aims he achieved.