Chinese Civil War Quiz

Source Based Questions:

1. What is the message being conveyed by the poster on page 9 of your China book?

-This poster is showing honor to Sun Yatsen after he died. His goal while living was to eliminate Manchus and open the road to socialism. These images on the poster of him leading his troops show that he was a good man and tried to do what was right.

2. What is the message being conveyed in the photo on page 4 of your China book?

-This photograph is showing the dead bodies of the supporters of Manchus laying in street. Nobody is caring for these bodies, or doing anything to try to help them which shows that nobody was affected by their death. It appears as though everyone else in the picture is going on living their normal life, while these bodies are scattered on the street-completely ignored.

Terms/Events:

Explain how three of the following helped contribute to the start of the Chinese Civil War.

Opium Wars: The opium wars began when British was growing opium and selling it to the Chinese; the opium sales resulted in a way that the British could make profits. However, the Chinese were angry with these sales, and they started to outlaw Opium. They even burned areas where the British were keeping their opium. In response, the British attacked the Chinese, and they were easily able to defeat China. Because of this defect, the weakness of the Manchu Dynasty was illustrated. Their weakness was something that led to the start of the Chinese Civil War.

Unequal Treaties: The unequal treaties originated as a result of the Opium Wars. These were treaties which China was forced to sign, which were completely unfair towards China. They were an embarrassment. Because of this, the Chinese people became angry at the Manchu Dynasty for signing the treaties. This is something that also showed the instability of the Chinese Government, which can further be seen as a cause of the Chinese Civil War. (long term)

Revolution of 1911: The goal of this revolution was to establish a democracy and bring back national power. In this revolution, the nationalists and the Wuchang worked together to end the Manchu Dynasty. However, this "revolution" was a failed attempt which only led to chaos and foreign problems. A result of this failed attempt was the Rise of Mao, which can be seen as another cause of the Chinese Civil War.

People:

Sun Yatsen: He was the founder of secret societies, whose aim was to overthrow Manchus and the monarchy. He also was a leader of the revolution of 1911. He found the "Sworn Chinese Brotherhood," and another group to help revive Chinese Society. All of these attempts at other throwing the government had failed, and ultimately it made the Chinese weaker, leading to the Chinese Civil War.

Yun Shikai: He was able to get rid of the National assembly, and also made it so that he would remain president for the next ten years. When doing this, he was able to the support of Europeans, who wanted a government in China to protect their trading. He ended up ruling as a dictator more than a democrat, which caused weakness in China, and further led to the Chinese Civil War.

Homework 2; term 3

Identify three major sea, land, or air practices of the Chinese Civil War.

Land:

Extermination Campaign: in 1936, Chiang Kaishek ignored the Communists demand for a unite front of all the Chinese against Japan. So, in 1936 he created another extermination campaign against the Communists and he sent his Army to attack their bases. He told his army to destroy the Yanan Soviet. In order to do this, bomber aircraft, tanks, armored cars and poison gas were all made available for use.

United Front: This agreement was made, yet the Japanese decided to fight against China before they became too strong. Without even declaring war, they began an invasion of Chinese territory, where they aimed to conquer their entire country.

Occupation of Railroads: Japan didn't make any more advances on China after this, because they didn't have enough manpower to occupy all of China due to the fact that they were so small. Even in the areas that Japan did occupy, they were never able to have total control, because when they started to move away from Manchuria, they had to leave some areas unguarded, which allowed the Chinese to move back into the areas and take control again. However, from 1938 to 1944, the Japanese occupied the large cities, important railways, airfields, ports and roads... and the Chinese occupied the countryside. The Japanese focussed on destroying Chiang Kaishck's wartime government, and they bombed it to an extreme amount.

Air:

In April 1944, the Japanese aimed at destroying the American airfields in south-east China. However, this ended quickly, and the entire war actually came to an end in 1945, when the Americans used an atomic bomb to destroy Hiroshima (one of the Japanese cities that hadn't yet been destroyed by the bombs.)

Sea:

America's involvement: In 1941, Japan had around two million men in China. However, In December of that same year, something happened which improved China's problems. The US declared war on Japan after Japan attacked the American naval base (Pearl Harbor.) Then, American airfields built in south-east China allowed American bombers to destroy Japan's sea trade and cut off almost all of her imports.

Homework 1; term 3

Explain at least three major long term and short term causes of the Chinese Civil War. Please categorize the causes as economic, political, social, religious, or ideological.




Long Term



Opium Wars: Between 1839 and 1842, the British fought "Opium Wars" against China to force the Chinese to continue buying opium from India (which was ruled by the British.) Then in 1860, an Anglo-French army attacked Bejing (the capital of China) and burned down government buildings. Then, the Japanese attacked China, taking away Korea, Taiwan, and Lushun. I think that this is an economic cause, because it was effecting the economy. Also, I am not sure as to whether it is long term or short term. The reason I said it was long term, is because there were two of them... so the problems obviously existed for awhile. Also, the opium wars led to unequal treaties, which I suppose is long term, because it once again lasted for awhile.

Revolution: The Chinese revolution took place in 1911. It was the revival of national power, and the establishment of a democratic form of government. However, as a result of this, a lot of chaos was created, as well as foreign problems. These problems weren't resolved until 1949. People involved in this revolution were Sun Yatsen, and Yuan Shikaki. I think that this would be an economic and political cause of the Chinese Civil War.



Short Term



Reforms: In 1898, the Emperor Guangxu, tried to strengthen China by modernizing the way the empire was run. The Hundred Days of Reform lasted for three months, where Guangxu introduced new schools and colleges. He improved the government's budget and dismissed corrupt officials from the court. However, his aunt, opposed these changes, and the Empress Cixi had Guangxu imprisoned, forcing him to grant her the power to rule China. This is a political cause.




The Boxer Rebellion: This occurred at the same time as the hundred days of reform. It was when the Yi-Ho Tuan blamed foreigners and Christians for the problems of China. Empress Cixi supported them and encouraged them to attack foreigners. In 1900, the rebellion reached its climax. The boxers killed the captured Europeans and Christians, and as a result, the European governments sent an armed force to Beijing to protect their people. Then, they captured and looted Beijing, forcing Manchus to pay 67 million (in Chinese or European money.) However, the Europeans only made the Chinese people hate them even more, while ultimately showing how weak Manchus was. This is an social and political cause and economical cause.



Sun Yatsen: He found several secret societies, with the aim of overthrowing Manchus. He led a "revive China Society," and he founded the "Sworn Chinese Brotherhood." His aims were to eliminate Manchus, eliminate the monarchy, and open the road to socialism. All of his attempts to overthrow the revolution had failed. This is a political cause.

Class Work; term 3

A. Test your understanding of this chapter by explaining what these words adn terms mean:

-Dynasty: periods of time when the country is ruled by one royal family.

-Manchus: ruler of an area of China

-Unequal Treaties: invaders force Manchus to sign these treaties, giving them control of China's sea-ports and allowing them special trading privileges.

-Spheres of influence: What European powers had divided China into. For example, in the British sphere, the British people had the biggest share of business, missionary work, transport, etc.

-Boxers: members of the Yi-Ho Tuan, who practiced Martial Arts (including boxing). They blamed foreigners and Christians for the problems of China.

B. Study the photograph above. Then, using the information in this chapter as well as your own imagination, answer the following questions.

1. Name the organisation to which the condemned man belonged.

-The Yi-Ho Tuan (Righteous and Harmonious Militia)

2. What were the aims of this organization?

-They aimed to kill Christians and foreigners because they believed that they were the people responsible for the problems of China.

3. Suggest why this man was executed. Why do you think the execution was done in public?

-Maybe the people of China were against these boxers, because the Chinese people who were Christians were getting killed as a result of this. It may have been done in public so that the other boxers would know that this may happen to them if they continue acting this way.

4. Suggest what thoughts were going through the minds of the onlookers at the moment when the photograph was taken.

-They look as though they are very happy. Maybe they feel relieved that something is finally being done against these men who had been killing everyone else.

5. For what purposes do you think the photograph was taken? Explain your answer.

-The photograph was probably taken as a means of propaganda. This way people could be warned what would happen if they continue with these behaviors.

Homework 19; term 2

Using modern world history text pages 30-31, part D "effects of WWII" and other notes and materials, create a 3-way diagram comparing and contrasting political, economic, and social effects of WWII.

Economic Effects:

-Helped America; they could make and sell weapons.

-All countries in Europe were in debt because the war caused their economy to be bad. America helps them out with the Truman Doctrine/Marshall plan.

Social Effects:

-10 million Germans were forced to leave their country.

-In the USSR and Germany, extensive urban redevelopment took place so that urban cities could be rebuilt.

Political Effects:

-Production of nuclear weapons.

-Europe's domination of the rest of the world had ended

Similarities:

-The production of nuclear weapons is both political and economic.

-The end of Europe's domination of the rest of the world was both political and economic.

Homework 18; term 2

1. What were the WWII death tolls for the following countries?
-Russia over 20m
-Poland 6m
-Germany 4.2m
-Great Britain 388k
-China 2.2m
-Japan 2m
-France 600k
-USA 406k

2. Name two economic effects of the war.
-It helped America after the great depression because they were able to make weapons and sell them.
-All countires in Europe were in debt because the war went through Europe and their economy was doing badly. America gave them a lot of money; this was called the Truman Doctrine/Marshall plan.

3. Name two social effects of the war
-10 million Germans were forced to leave and make their way to West Germany so that no future German government would be able to claim those territories.
-In the USSR and Germany, extensive urban redevelopment took place as ruined cities had to be rebuilt.

4. Name two political effects of the war.
-The war causes the production of nuclear weapons.
-Europe's domination of the rest of the world ended.